Mercury is released by all active volcanoes and has been measured at Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hekla, Erebus, at Mount St. Helens (Siegel and Siegel, 1987). Kilauea produces about 270 tons of mercury each year and has been identified as the main source of mercury found on Oahu, 320 km away.

Siegel, B. Z., and Siegel, S. M., 1987, Hawaiian volcanoes and the biogeology of mercury: in Decker, R. W., Wright, T. L., and Stauffer, P. H., (eds.), Volcanism in Hawaii, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, v. 1, p. 827-839.